//hsr
검색해보시면 많아요 예로 "ListView에서 '열(col)'에 칼라를 주고싶어요"

ListView의 속성 OwnerDraw를 True하세요
아래예는 아이템이 'aaa'이면 서브아이템도 노란색바탕에 Bold로 글자를 씁니다.
procedure TForm1.ListView1DrawItem(Sender: TCustomListView;
  Item: TListItem; Rect: TRect; State: TOwnerDrawState);
var
  i,j, ColPos: Integer;
  ColRect : TRect;
begin
  with ListView1 do begin
      if Item.Caption = 'aaa' then begin
         Canvas.Brush.Color := clYellow;
         Canvas.FillRect(Rect);
         Canvas.Font.Style := [fsBold];
      end;
      Canvas.TextOut(Rect.Left, Rect.Top, Item.Caption);

      for i := 0 to Item.SubItems.Count-1 do begin
            ColPos := 0;
            for j := 0 to i do
               ColPos := ColPos + Columns[j].Width;
            ColRect := Rect;
            ColRect.Left := Rect.Left+ColPos;
         if Item.Caption = 'aaa' then begin
            Canvas.Brush.Color := clYellow;
            Canvas.FillRect(ColRect);
            Canvas.Font.Style := [fsBold];
         end;
         Canvas.TextOut(ColRect.Left, ColRect.Top, Item.SubItems[i]);
      end;
  end;
end;